The American Council on Education released its 20th annual Minorities in Higher Education Annual Status Report, which revealed that minority college enrollment has surged 122% over the last two decades. According to the report, the high school completion rate riot African Americans has increased from 68% to 76%, while the rate for Hispanics rose more slowly--from 55% to 59%. College participation rates increased 14% for whites, 11% for African Americans, and 5% for Hispanics. Moreover, African American women remain much more likely than their male counterparts to pursue higher learning--42% compared to 37%. Overall, the college enrollment rate for African Americans has risen 56% in 20 years. The college graduation rate for African Americans in 2001 was 41%, up 8% from 1991. Historically Black Colleges and Universities accounted for more than 20% of all bachelor's degrees earned by African Americans.
The report also showed that the number of minorities who obtain professional degrees and doctorates has risen substantially over the past 20 years, with many pursuing advanced degrees in education and the social sciences.
African Americans's proportional representation increased minimally from 10.0% in 1976 to 10.5% in 1993, despite a 36.6% increase in their numbers in college.
There are 117 colleges and universities in the United States that are designated as historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs); that is, they were founded with the mission of educating black men and women. They range from highly competitive universities offering undergraduate and graduate programs to noncompetitive two-year colleges with open admissions. Affordable and academically rigorous, they keep alive the history and traditions of the African-American experience while at the same time welcoming an increasing number of students of other races and backgrounds into their community.
A growing trend
Today's African-American students can attend college anywhere their grades, talents and interests take them. Yet increasingly they're looking at HBCUs because they want the unique experience that only such institutions offer. In fact, "The last few years have seen a resurgence in HBCU enrollment", comments Lori Wright, coordinator of multicultural student recruitment at Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. Students tell her they are considering HBCUs not so much because of racial issues, but because they want to share their cultural heritage with students like themselves.
Reasons of the heart
"Being an HBCU student is a deeply emotional experience," reflects Michael Tapscott, director of the office of minority student affairs at George Mason University in Washington, D.C. "For many black students who went to a majority high school and then come to an HBCU, it's a real awakening."
There were many reasons why Nabulungi Mack-Williams chose Spelman College in Atlanta. But a primary motivation was the knowledge that she'd be surrounded by people of her own culture who were successful in their fields. On a more personal level, she likes the family closeness that Spelman gives her. Reflecting on her years there, she says she particularly enjoyed being able to relate to financial aid advisers and professors as if they were wise aunts and uncles.
A link to a legacy
Some students come from families where several generations are HBCU graduates, which Thandabantu B. Maceo, director of admissions and interim financial aid director at Central State University, reports is often a big incentive for young people to want to experience an HBCU for themselves. "They see the value in continuing the tradition. There's a feeling of pride and association with an institution that your own people created and helped develop. They know there's a rich fraternal presence at an HBCU that can't be experienced on a traditionally white campus," says Maceo.
Mentors along the way
The connections that students make with their professors are part of the extensive mentoring facilitated by HBCUs. "This," says Antoine M. Garibaldi, provost and chief academic officer at Howard University, "is a factor in the high percentage of HBCU graduates who go on for their doctorates. Students see role models all around them and know that faculty members will assist them in securing internships and prepare them for careers."
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